Everything about Self-proclaimed Monarchy totally explained
A
self-proclaimed monarchy is a
monarchy that's proclaimed into existence, often by an individual, rather than occurring as part of a longstanding tradition. It is thus at least initially the opposite of most
hereditary monarchies, although if a self-proclaimed monarchy is successful, it'll evolve into a hereditary one.
History
Throughout history there has rarely been a political office higher in stature and power than that of
king or
emperor. In
republican dictatorships these titles have often proven too tempting to resist, and often at the apex of his power, a dictator will sometimes decide to proclaim himself king, and thus turn the nation into a monarchy.
In
1804 French dictator
Napoleon Bonaparte decided to consolidate his power by proclaiming himself Emperor Napoleon I. Though this imperial regime would end with his fall from power, 33 years later Napoleon's nephew
Charles-Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte would be elected
President of France and proceed to declare himself Emperor, as well.
In
Haiti there were three such cases: Governor-General
Jean-Jacques Dessalines became Emperor Jacques I (1804-06), President
Henry Christophe became King Henri I (1811-20), and President
Faustin Soulouque became Emperor Faustin I (1849-59).
In
1836 Giuseppe Bertoleoni, a shepherd on the island of
Tavolara, introduced himself to the visiting King
Charles Albert of Sardinia as "King of Tavolara." Amused and impressed, Charles Albert recognized Giuseppe's claim, and later recognized his son
Paolo I.
In
1860, French adventurer
Orelie-Antoine de Tounens, proclaimed the
Kingdom of Araucania in
Chile with the support of local
Mapuche chiefs and took the title Orllie-Antoine I. Two years later he was arrested and deported by the Chilean government and the kingdom was annexed to Chile.
In
1893 James Harden-Hickey, an admirer of
Napoleon III, crowned himself James I of the
Principality of Trinidad. For two years he tried but failed to assert his claim to the small island in the
South Atlantic Ocean.
In
1915 Chinese President
Yuan Shikai declared a restoration of the Chinese monarchy, with himself as the new Emperor. The plan was a huge failure, and he was quickly forced to step down.
President
Ahmet Zogu of
Albania proclaimed himself "King Zog" in
1928, creating a decade of constitutional monarchy that would be eventually overthrown when Albania was conquered by
Italy.
A short-lived
Central African Empire was also created in
1976 when dictator
Jean-Bédel Bokassa of the
Central African Republic proclaimed himself "Emperor Bokassa I" and had a lavish coronation ceremony in 1977.
In
1970, the
Hutt River Province Principality was declared as an independent monarchy by Leonard Casely, who declared himself to be
Prince Leonard.
Further Information
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